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Tunnel collapses are often reported to occur during excavations, or shortly thereafter. Yet it is felt that excavation stability analyses are rarely performed in tunnel design. This paper presents analytical solutions for stability analyses applicable to conventional and mechanized tunnel excavation methods, focusing on a linearly increasing undrained shear strength with depth. These models are derived from equilibrium equations, in cylindrical or spherical coordinates (for 2D or 3D analyses), and Mohr Coulomb strength criterion, being applicable to both collapse and blow out types of failure. The main limitations of the analytical models are outlined. Comparisons with published and numerical method results are included, and an example application is given comparing the analytical solution to Finite Element analyses. The analytical model is straightforward and adequate to be used at preliminary stages of a design. Due to its limitations the analytical model is recommended to be complemented by more accurate numerical methods as design progresses into detailed stages.
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