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In urban areas, the excavation of tunnels beneath pile foundations can be detrimental both for the superstructure and the piles. An analysis method is presented in this paper that models the axial response of non-displacement piles to tunnelling by using a two-stage continuum-based nonlinear elastoplastic approach. This method accounts for the effects of tunnelling-induced ground movements, non-linear soil behaviour, and unloading effects. The approach is used to analyse the relationship between pile head settlement and greenfield ground movements for purely-frictional and floating piles with varying pre-tunnelling safety factor in a uniform ground. Results show that the influence of initial safety factor on the interaction level depth is significant and depends on the distribution of pile shaft capacity. Design charts are given that allow estimation of the tunnelling-induced settlements of non-displacement piles for a linear distribution of greenfield movements along the pile. These charts can also be used for deep-excavations.
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