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Experiments have shown that the angle of friction obtained in the consolidated-drained test of normally consolidated clays is related, in some way, to the plasticity index or the liquid limit. In this paper, it is demonstrated that this relation shows up because of the discrete nature of clays, whose properties become clear when they are modeled as a packing of spheres. When the diagram of contacts is mapped into the Casagrande’s diagram of compression, four intervals show up: one for a dense packing, one for a loose packing, and two impossible; with two points for the critical state. In general, a packing has the same void ratio for two different angles of contact, one dilatant and another contractive. As a normally consolidated clay sample is contractive, it is demonstrated that the angle of friction is independent of the initial water content. But, for a clay geological formation, the friction angle varies according to the features of each layer, following the equation of dense critical state, which fits very well with the experimental data.
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