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Many types of geotechnical systems rely on the transfer of load across soil-structure interfaces, including deep foundations, earth retaining structures, landfills, and seabed pipelines. The loading applied to these interfaces can induce soil deformations at widely different strain rates which can control their strength. This paper describes the results from a laboratory study on the interface shear behavior of clay-structure interfaces at varying deformation/shear rates. The results of shear box tests on kaolinite specimens sheared against surfaces of varying roughness indicate that as the shear rate is increased the drainage conditions at the interface change from drained to partially drained to undrained. This change in drainage conditions, from drained to undrained, results in a decrease in shear strength on normally-consolidated clay specimens due to generation of excess pore pressures. On the other hand, shearing at faster rates results in an increase in shear strength in over-consolidated specimens due to generation of negative pore pressures. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) analyses indicate that soil deformations at the meso-scale decrease as the shearing rate is increased. The results presented herein highlight the role of surface roughness on the mobilization of interface strength, and provides new evidence that surface roughness can alter the drainage conditions mobilized at the interface.
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