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In recent years there has been a growing move toward the adoption of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) as marine fuel and consideration of other fuels as alternatives to the traditional marine fuel oils, driven by the introduction of new environmental regulations. Such fuels have different properties and as a result different storage requirements to those associated with current marine fuels and are pushing the industry toward both the introduction of containment technologies already established within other sectors of industry and, where necessary, the development of new ones. Existing containment technologies are typically physical, based on storage at ambient temperature, storage at ambient pressure, storage at high pressure (compressed) or storage at low temperature (cryogenic) or a combination of such. Future containment technologies however may well include material based storage, exploiting chemical processes to absorb and release fuels carried in liquid or solid matrices. This paper provides an overview of such alternative fuels, the corresponding containment technologies and the implications for ships design and construction, based on the knowledge and experience gained by Lloyd's Register through collaboration with the industry in a wide variety of conceptual and demonstration projects involving the use of LNG, Ethane, Methanol and Hydrogen fuels and ultimately in assuring their design and construction and entry into Class.
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