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Posiva Oy is responsible for the final disposal of Finnish nuclear waste, including backfilling of the deposition tunnels. To test the functionality of the pre-compacted block backfill concept, Posiva Oy launched the BACEKO-project in Riihimäki. The BACEKO-project consisted of a series of ¼-scale tunnel tests that were executed during the years 2008 and 2010. The objective of these tests was to investigate the operation of the block backfill concept in small scale, observe the saturation process and to compare the tolerance of erosion in different materials. The materials used for pre-compacted blocks in these tests were Friedland clay, mixture of bentonite and crushed rock (40/60) and Milos B clay. The types of tests executed were saturation, flow-through and open-front tests. The saturation tests lasted 1-4 months. The flow-through tests lasted 5-10 days establishing information on piping and erosion in different backfill materials. The aim of the open-front tests was to define the time span during which the installation can be interrupted without causing major detriments to the backfill. The saturation tests showed that the saturation proceeded 70-150 mm in a month. In flow-through tests Friedland clay blocks were discovered to be more sensitive to erosion than blocks made of bentonite and crushed rock (40/60). However, the Friedland clay backfill produced significantly higher swelling pressures. The open-front tests showed that with the inflow rate of 0,25 l/min the backfill front can be left open for less than 24 hours without major detriments.
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