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Experimental studies of the behavior of dry sand-steel interfaces have been performed in a modified direct shear apparatus. The shear stress-displacement behavior is influenced by the normal stress, the density of the sand and by the relative roughness of the interface. The patterns of response – peak, softening, dilation – are similar to those seen in the shearing of sand and a model which introduces stress level and density through a state parameter is found to be successful in matching the observed shear stress and volume change behavior at both small and large shear displacements.
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